Editorial Policy and Research Standards

This page explains how n-back.studio-age.com prepares game guidance and summaries of cognitive-science research.

Operator and writers

The site is operated by Studio âge in Osaka, Japan. Web production and research staff prepare articles by reviewing published academic literature. Operator and contact details are available on the operator page and contact page.

Source selection

Research claims prioritize peer-reviewed papers, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and material from academic institutions. We avoid generalizing from one study and distinguish positive from skeptical evidence, as well as near transfer from far transfer. DOI or PubMed links are included when available.

Updates and corrections

Research articles show a publication or update date. We correct material factual errors, broken references, and conclusions that no longer reflect the evidence reviewed. Readers can report a possible error through the contact page.

Claims and medical disclaimer

Practicing n-back can improve performance on the practiced task and may transfer to closely related working-memory tasks. Evidence for broad transfer to IQ, education, work, or everyday functioning remains mixed. This site does not provide diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice, and a game score is not a clinical assessment of cognitive function.

Advertising and independence

Advertising helps fund the site. Advertisers do not select the studies we cover or determine our conclusions. Ads are presented separately from editorial content.

Last reviewed: July 3, 2026